A comparison of the spatial heterogeneities of surface fluxes simulated by INLAND model with observations at a valley and a nearby plateau stations in Central Amazon Forest

Abstract

Article Highlights This manuscript draws attention to the spatial heterogeneity in Amazon forest mosaic and its effects on the ecosystem exchanges; The inclusion of a lumped unconfined aquifer model is essential to simulate properly the water balance in the valley environment; The results validate INLAND in a typical tropical forest ecosystem and indicate that previous works might have overestimated evapotranspiration.

Keywords

• Landscape heterogeneity
• Topographic gradient
• Land surface model
• Energy and water balance
• Carbon balance and central Amazon forest