Nutrición Hospitalaria (Jun 2005)
Factores pronósticos de morbi-mortalidad en nutrición enteral hospitalaria: estudio prospectivo Prognostic morbidity and mortality factors in hospital enteral nutrition: prospective study
Abstract
Objetivos: Determinar aquellos factores pronósticos que mejor puedan prever el resultado de una intervención nutricional vía enteral y evaluar la calidad asistencial de una unidad de nutrición. Ámbito y sujetos: Pacientes que precisaron nutrición enteral en régimen de ingreso hospitalario, en un centro de 3.er nivel. Intervenciones: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, en el que se incluyeron 160 pacientes mediante muestreo consecutivo, durante un período de seguimiento de 6 meses. Se determinó: patología de base, grado de incapacidad, valoración nutricional, tipo de nutrición enteral, complicaciones, cuidados de enfermería y evolución clínica de los pacientes. Resultados: Se diagnosticó desnutrición calórica y protéica graves en el 48,4 y 52,9% de los pacientes; el grado de estrés fue moderado en el 52,2% y grave en el 36,5%. En el 88,2% de los pacientes la variación de los parámetros protéicos fueron de igual o mejor, con un incremento en las concentraciones de albúmina de 0,26 g/dl y prealbúmina de 2,4 mg/dl (p Objective: To determine the prognostic factors that may best for see the outcome of an enteral nutritional intervention and to assess the assistance quality of a nutrition unit. Setting and subjects: Patients that required enteral nutrition during hospital admission at a third level center. Interventions: observational prospective study in which 160 patients were included by means of consecutive sampling, for a 6-months follow-up period. Underlying pathology, disability degree, nutritional assessment, type of enteral nutrition, complications, nursing care, and clinical course of patients were determined. Results: severe caloric and protein hyponutrition was diagnosed in 48.4 and 52.9% of patients; stress degree was moderate in 52.2% and severe in 36.5%. In 88.2% of patients variation of protein parameters was unchanged or improved, with a 0.26 g/dL increase in albumin levels and 2.4 m/dL in prealbumin (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis adjusted for plasma albumin at admission showed that besides this biochemical parameter, a severe stress degree, a decreased alertness level, and worsening of protein variation during admission are independent prognostic mortality factors during an enteral nutritional intervention in the hospitalized patient (p < 0.05). Conclusions: alertness level, degree of caloric hyponutrition, stress degree, plasma albumin levels, and variation of protein parameters during nutritional support are independent prognostic factors for the nutritional intervention outcomes. The development of global monitoring systems of assistance activity and quality of Nutrition Units is paramount in order to improve the efficiency of enteral nutritional support at the hospital setting, to advance in patients care and promote the development of nutritional therapy.
