Feasibility of ultrasound-guided axillary vein access for implantation of cardiac implantable electronic device leads

Abstract

Abstract Background The axillary vein is preferred over the subclavian vein, and the cephalic vein for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) lead insertion. However, studies on ultrasound-guided axillary vein access (US-AVA) in Asia are scarce. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of US-AVA for CIED lead implantation in Korean patients. Methods From September 2021 to September 2023, we employed US-AVA for CIED lead implantation procedures. Patients’ demographic and procedural data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results US-AVA was successful in 301 patients (97.7%). There were no occurrences of pneumothorax or severe hematoma due to inadvertent arterial puncture, nor were there any other significant vascular access-related acute complications. During the median 1.7 years of follow-up, no CIED infection or lead-related problems have occurred. Compared to a historical cohort of patients who underwent fluoroscopy-guided axillary vein access (FL-AVA), US-AVA significantly reduced procedure and fluoroscopy time and showed a trend toward reduced radiation doses. Conclusion US-AVA is a safe and effective technique for CIED lead implantation in Korean patients, with advantages over FL-AVA in terms of procedural efficiency and patient safety.

Keywords

• Ultrasound
• Axillary vein
• Cephalic vein
• Cardiac implantable electronic device
• Pacemaker
• Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator