LAND CONFLICTS IN THE INITIAL PERIOD OF SOVIET REGIME: FROM THE CONFRONTATION OF COMMUNITIES TO THE FIGHT OF PEASANTS WITH COLLECTIVE ECONOMIES AND POOR PEASANT’S COMMITTEES

Abstract

The article examines the features of the development of land relations in the chernozem village in the initial period of Soviet power. Socio-economic, demographic conditions, political processes formed the prerequisites for the growth of conflict in the village. The unresolved "peasant question", the absence of a compromise program of interaction between the authorities and the community on the eve of the revolutionary events of 1917 developed radical moods among the peasantry and strengthened the desire to redistribute land. In the spring of 1918, this phenomenon led to an increase in land disputes in the chernozem village. Conflicts of the communities of the initial period of the Soviet power were carried out at four levels: intercommunal or intra-hair, inter-hair, inter-district and inter-provincial. In order to resolve disputes between societies and individuals, conflict commissions were created within the land departments. Later, they were replaced by the camera on the analysis of disputes. In the summer of 1918, the state began to strengthen its position in the village. In particular, commanders, and in some cases collective and Soviet enterprises, became the agents of the Soviet agrifood policy in the countryside. The main content of this policy is the extraction of resources for civil war, as well as the desire to take control of the community and the land. In response, the land conflicts of the communities begin to give way to the opposition of the village and the Soviet government. The reasons for the discontent of the peasantry were both the harsh food policy and the land relations imposed by the state. Thus, the land conflicts of the communities progressively transformed into antagonism between the village and the Soviet government, creating conditions for large peasant uprisings.

Keywords

• black earth village
• land conflicts
• communities
• collective farms
• combats