Influence of Trabecular Bone Presence on Osseodensification Instrumentation: An In Vivo Study in Sheep
Zachary Stauber,
Shangtao Wu,
Justin E. Herbert,
Amanda Willers,
Edmara T. P. Bergamo,
Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak,
Nicholas A. Mirsky,
Arthur Castellano,
Sinan K. Jabori,
Marcelo V. Parra,
Estevam A. Bonfante,
Lukasz Witek,
Paulo G. Coelho
Affiliations
Zachary Stauber
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 016960, USA
Shangtao Wu
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 016960, USA
Justin E. Herbert
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
Amanda Willers
Operative Dentistry Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
Edmara T. P. Bergamo
Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
Nicholas A. Mirsky
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 016960, USA
Arthur Castellano
Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine Paraná, Curitiba 80730-000, Brazil
Sinan K. Jabori
Division of Plastic Surgery, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
Marcelo V. Parra
Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 01145, Chile
Estevam A. Bonfante
Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
Lukasz Witek
Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
Paulo G. Coelho
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
Osseodensification enhances the stability of endosteal implants. However, pre-clinical studies utilizing osseodensification instrumentation do not account for the limited presence of trabeculae seen clinically. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of osseodensification instrumentation on osteotomy healing in scenarios with and without the presence of trabecular bone. A ~10 cm incision was made over the hip of twelve sheep. Trabecular bone was surgically removed from twelve sites (one site/animal; negative control (Neg. Ctrl)) and left intact at twelve sites (one site/animal; experimental group (Exp.)). All osteotomies were created using the osseodensification drilling protocol. Each osteotomy received an endosteal implant and was evaluated after 3 or 12 weeks of healing (n = 6 animals/time). Histology revealed increased woven and lamellar bone surrounding the implants in the Exp. group relative to the Neg. Ctrl group. The Exp. group demonstrated the presence of bone fragments, which acted as nucleating sites, thereby enhancing the bone formation and remodeling processes. Bone-to-implant contact (%BIC) and bone area fractional occupancy (%BAFO) were significantly higher in the Exp. group relative to the Neg. Ctrl group both at 3 weeks (p = 0.009 and p = 0.043) and 12 weeks (p = 0.010 and p = 0.008). Osseodensification instrumentation in the presence of trabecular bone significantly improved osseointegration. However, no negative influences such as necrosis, inflammation, microfractures, or dehiscence were observed in the absence/limited presence of trabeculae.