The sicilian fortifications at the end of the 17th century

Abstract

During the reign of Charles II the military architecture of the Kingdom continued with the presence of a series of towers and fortifications at the fortress near the towns. When the war of Mesina came to an end, the government of the Count of Santisteban focused on the strengthening the Spanish domain in Mesina. The following years were characterized by improving the defenses of Mesina; Augusta, badly damaged after the French invasion; and Syracuse. To sum up, this paper analyzes the plans and the reforms presented by engineer Carlos de Grunenbergh to the Count of Santisteban for a defensive improvement of the Kingdom of Sicily.

Keywords

• sicilia
• fortificaciones
• carlos ii
• carlos de grunenbergh
• conde de santisteban