不同地区‘娘青’核桃坚果品质综合评价分析Comprehensive evaluation and analysis of nut quality of Niangqing walnut from six regions

Abstract

旨在为核桃品种应用推广、生产加工和区域化种植提供参考，探究了不同地区‘娘青’核桃坚果的品质差异。以6个地区的‘娘青’核桃坚果为原料，以坚果表观性状（纵径、横径、棱径、三径均值、果形指数、单果质量、出仁率和壳厚）和核仁内含物（粗脂肪含量、粗蛋白质含量、脂肪酸组成及含量）指标为依据，采用主成分分析和对比现行地方标准产品质量分类等级对核桃坚果品质进行综合评价。结果表明:不同地区核桃坚果的三径、三径均值、单果质量、出仁率均存在显著性差异，其中三径均值和单果质量最大的是云南迪庆维西县的（3.63 cm、13.33 g），最小的是广西南丹县的（3.16 cm、10.09 g），出仁率最高的是云南大理剑川县的（47.26%），最低的是广西南丹县的（4188%）；果形指数和壳厚均无显著性差异，果形指数在1.14~1.30之间，壳厚在1.03~1.19 mm之间；不同地区的核仁粗蛋白质含量存在显著性差异，其中最高的是云南漾濞县顺濞乡的（15.90%），最低的是广西南丹县的（11.80%），而粗脂肪含量最高的是广西南丹县的（70.23%），最低的是云南漾濞县平坡镇的（62.70%）；油酸含量最高的云南迪庆维西县的（38.90%），亚油酸含量最高的是广西凤山县的（56.70%），亚麻酸含量最高的是广西南丹县的（11.14%），亚油酸与亚麻酸比值均在4~7之间；6个地区的‘娘青’核桃综合品质得分从高到低依次为云南大理剑川县、云南迪庆维西县、云南漾濞县顺濞乡、广西凤山县、云南漾濞县平坡镇、广西南丹县；云南迪庆维西县、大理剑川县、漾濞县的核桃坚果达到特级标准，广西凤山县的达到Ⅰ级标准，广西南丹县的达到Ⅱ级标准。因此，原产地云南漾濞县的核桃坚果适宜加工蛋白类产品，引种地云南维西县和剑川县的可开发为商业果品，引种地广西凤山县和南丹县的宜开发油脂产品。The quality differences of the Niangqing walnut from different regions was explored so as to provide reference for variety application and promotion, production and processing, and regionalised cultivation. With Niangqing walnuts from six regions as raw materials, based on the index values of nut appearance traits (longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, edge diameter, mean value of three diameter, fruit shape index, single fruit mass, kernel yield and shell thickness) and nucleolar contents (crude fat content, crude protein content, fatty acid composition and content), principal component analysis and the current local standard of nut classification were used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of walnut. The results showed that there were significant differences in the three diameter, mean value of three diameter, single fruit mass and kernel yield in different regions, among which the largest mean value of three diameter and single fruit mass was in Weixi County, Diqing, Yunnan (3.63 cm and 13.33 g) and the smallest was in Nandan County, Guangxi (3.16 cm and 10.09 g). The highest kernel yield was in Jianchuan County, Dali, Yunnan (47.26%), and the lowest was in Nandan County, Guangxi (4188%). There was no significant differences in the fruit shape index and shell thickness, with the fruit shape index between 1.14 and 130, shell thickness between 1.03 mm and 1.19 mm. There were significant differences in the crude protein content of walnut kernel in different regions, the highest in Shunbi Township,Yangbi County, Yunnan (15.90%) and the lowest in Nandan County, Guangxi (1180%). The highest crude fat content was in Nandan County, Guangxi (70.23%), the lowest was in Pingpo Town, Yangbi County, Yunanan (62.70%). The highest oleic acid content was in Weixi County, Diqing, Yunnan (38.90%), the highest linoleic acid content was in Fengshan County, Guangxi (56.70%), and the highest linolenic acid content was Nandan County, Guangxi (11.14%). The ratio of linoleic acid content to linolenic acid content in different regions was between 4 and 7. The comprehensive quality scores of Niangqing walnut in the six regions decreased in the order of Jianchuan County (Yunnan), Weixi County (Yunnan), Shunbi Township (Yunnan), Fengshan County(Guangxi), Pingpo Town (Yunnan), and Nandan County(Guangxi). The walnuts in Weixi County (Yunnan), Jianchuan County (Yunnan), Shunbi County (Yunnan) reached the super grade standard, the walnuts in Fengshan County (Guangxi) reached the grade Ⅰ standard, and the walnuts in Nandan County (Guangxi) reached the grade Ⅱ standard. Therefore, walnuts in Yangbi County are suitable for processing protein products, walnuts in Weixi County and Jianchuan County can be developed into commercial fruits, and walnuts in Fengshan County and Nandan County should be developed into oil products.

Keywords

• ‘娘青’核桃；表观性状；粗脂肪；粗蛋白质；脂肪酸；品质评价
• niangqing walnut; appearance trait; crude fat; crude protein; fatty acid; quality evaluation