Selection and drift reduce genetic variation for milk yield in Manech Tête Rousse dairy sheep

Abstract

Decreases in genetic variance over generations reduce future genetic gain. We studied the evolution of genetic variance in the dairy sheep breed Manech Tête Rousse, which has been selected for increasingly complex objectives, including, in this order, milk yield, milk contents, scrapie resistance, and somatic cell score. We estimated base population genetic variance and genetic variance by sex and per year of birth from 1981 to 2014. The data consisted of 1,842,295 milk yield records (from 1978 to 2017) and a pedigree including 530,572 females (96% of them with records) and 3,798 artificial insemination males. As a measure of drift, we computed average relationships for each cohort from which we derived expected reduction of variance due to increased relationships. The difference between observed and expected reductions in genetic variances is the reduction in genetic variance due to selection. Average relationships increased steadily but slowly in both sexes. For females, genetic variance reduced with time until a plateau was reached at around 90% of the initial genetic variance. The reduction due to relationships (roughly 3% cumulated in 30 yr) was smaller than that due to selection (roughly 10% across the last years). A smaller loss due to selection was seen in recent years, possibly due to a change in selection objectives. These results agree well with theoretical expectations. The pattern of the evolution of genetic variance in males was similar to that for females but with a stronger reduction because of strong selection of AI males at birth. We conclude that the reductions in genetic variation due to selection and drift agree with expectations, and none of the reductions are very strong in this population because of control of inbreeding and smooth changes in selection objectives over time.