The value of myositis-specific autoantibodies in the diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and tumor risk prediction

Abstract

Objective To investigate the value of myositis-specific autoantibodies in the diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and tumor risk prediction in patients with clinically suspected idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Methods This retrospective study analyzed the myositis-specific autoantibodies and clinical characteristics of 357 patients with clinically suspected idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess the associations between myositis-specific autoantibodies and clinical symptoms. Results Among the 357 patients with suspected idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, the co-occurrence rate of anti-synthetase and anti-Ro52 was 52.63%. Univariate analysis demonstrated significantly higher diagnostic rates of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in patients positive for anti-synthetase and anti-Ro52 than in those who were seronegative. Patients who tested positive for anti-signal recognition particle exhibited distinct serological profiles and diagnostic outcomes compared with those who tested negative. Significant associations were observed between myositis-specific autoantibodies and tumor biomarkers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified serum creatinine and anti-synthetase antibody positivity as independent diagnostic predictors of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Discussion Anti-synthetase antibodies were independently associated with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Co-positivity for anti-synthetase and anti-Ro52 was closely related to the diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Myositis antibodies were significantly correlated with tumor biomarkers, highlighting their potential utility in early cancer screening. Elevated serum creatinine was also independently associated with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, exhibiting diagnostic significance. Conclusion Myositis-specific autoantibodies have potential clinical value for early tumor screening and the diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy.