Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems (Jan 2017)
Biochemical composition of urine in rats with developed Guerin’s carcinoma and administration of cisplatin
Abstract
The kidneys are very sensitive to the action not only of exogenous chemicals but also the action of compounds of endogenous origin, produced by changes in the normal metabolic processes and the development of various pathologies. Thus, tumour development has a significant impact on overall homeostasis of the body. Research into the condition of the kidneys subject to growth of tumours when cisplatin is administered is a major issue in both medical and biochemical aspects. We investigated the renal function, electrolyte composition of the blood and urinary excretion of electrolytes and individual plasma osmolarity in models of tumour growth in rats subject to introduction of cisplatin. We found that development of Guerin’s carcinoma T8 and the administration of cisplatin causes kidney damage in rats. This leads to an increase in the relative weight of the kidneys, proteinuria, and changes in activity of γ-glutamyl-transferase and lactate dehydrogenase in the kidney homogenate and urine, lower relative reabsorption and glomerular filtration. The development of Guerin’s carcinoma and administration of cisplatin in the blood and urine of rats led to a decrease in diuresis per minute by 20–60%, creatinine clearance by 50–70% and reduction in the relative water reabsorption in the renal tubules to 26% compared with the control. The administration of cisplatin led to a threefold increase in the concentration of protein, twofold increase in the concentration of albumin and sevenfold increase in the concentration of glucose in the rats’urine. In the case of rats with lesions and renal diseases (including different types of tumours) a reduction in the output of urine per minute, creatinine clearance and water reabsorption in the renal tubules was observed, indicating significant damage to the concentration and filtration functions of the kidneys. Tumour growth led to the development of hypokalemia, hyponatremia and hypochloridemia, which are major and early signs of acute renal failure. The introduction of cisplatin led to damage to the kidneys and partly normalized these indicators, as evidenced by biochemical and morphological studies. Our study shows that there is a pressing need for use of drugs which protect the kidneys when cisplatin is administered.
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