Review on Biomass Pyrolysis with a Focus on Bio-Oil Upgrading Techniques
Daniel Lachos-Perez,
João Cláudio Martins-Vieira,
Juliano Missau,
Kumari Anshu,
Odiri K. Siakpebru,
Sonal K. Thengane,
Ana Rita C. Morais,
Eduardo Hiromitsu Tanabe,
Daniel Assumpção Bertuol
Affiliations
Daniel Lachos-Perez
Environmental Processes Laboratory (LAPAM), Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria—UFSM, Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
João Cláudio Martins-Vieira
School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, SP, Brazil
Juliano Missau
Environmental Processes Laboratory (LAPAM), Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria—UFSM, Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
Kumari Anshu
Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
Odiri K. Siakpebru
Food, Energy & Water Laboratory for Sustainability, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
Sonal K. Thengane
Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
Ana Rita C. Morais
Food, Energy & Water Laboratory for Sustainability, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
Eduardo Hiromitsu Tanabe
Environmental Processes Laboratory (LAPAM), Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria—UFSM, Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
Daniel Assumpção Bertuol
Environmental Processes Laboratory (LAPAM), Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria—UFSM, Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
This review provides insights into the current research on pyrolytic bio-oil obtained from different feedstock regarding upgrading techniques and applications such as energy, fuels, chemicals, and carbon materials. Raw bio-oil is not appropriate for transportation and ignition due to undesired properties; therefore, several challenges have been reported regarding its suitable market application. For liquid biofuel production, thermochemical pathways, particularly hydrogenation and deoxygenation, must be carried out, and for chemical production, liquid solvents are mostly used via physical separation. The main issues related to downstream processes with environmental and economic assessment are also covered. The analysis indicates that the major bottlenecks for commercial applications of upgraded bio-oil are the initial stage (upgrading techniques), high production costs, and pilot scale production. Finally, future directions are addressed for the improvement of bio-oil upgrading.
