Clinical and laboratory features in different immunologic type of multiple myeloma

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant blood disease, characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow and clinical manifestation of a disease that is heterogeneous and it's stratified by an internationally recognized Durie-Salmon classification (DS). Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether the immune type of multiple myeloma affects the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the disease. Material and methods: The study included 45 newly diagnosed patients with MM (25 men and 20 women), the average age of 62.21 ± 8.62 years. A comparative analysis was performed between the class of M - protein and the mean value of the parameters contained in the DS classification. Results: The most common immune type was IgG MM. Considering gender, age, serum albumin values, total proteins, LDH, hemoglobin, beta 2 - MG, radiographic findings (number of osteolysis) and DS stages, there was no statistically significant difference in relation to individual immunological types MM. The IgD type was associated with a higher incidence of hypercalcemia than IgG and IgA type (p < 0.01) and with a higher incidence of renal insufficiency, compared to IgA MM (p < 0.01) and IgG MM (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings exclude the association of Ig type of multiple myeloma with individual biochemical parameters, except for the increased incidence of hypercalcemia and renal insufficiency in IgD MM, which corresponds to literature data.

Keywords

• myeloma
• M - protein
• clinical features