Polyurethane-based nanofibrous mat containing porphyrin with photosensitivity and bactericidal properties can promote cutaneous tissue healing in rats

Abstract

Abstract The regeneration of cutaneous tissue is one of the most challenging issues in human regenerative medicine. To date, several studies have been done to promote cutaneous tissue healing with minimum side effects. The healing potential of polyurethane (PU)/Poly (caprolactone)–poly (ethylene glycol)–poly (caprolactone) (PCEC)/chitosan (CS) (PCS) nanofibrous mat with cationic photosensitizer meso tetrakis (N-methyl pyridinium-4-yl) porphyrin tetratosylate salt (TMP) was examined. The CS tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (CSNPs) were prepared and loaded by TMP to provide an efficient drug release system (TMPNPs) for delivery of TMP to promote wound healing. In in vitro setting, parameters such as bactericidal effects, cytocompatibility, and hemolytic effects were examined. The healing potential of prepared nanofibrous mats was investigated in a rat model of full-thickness cutaneous injury. PCS/TMP/TMPNPs nanofibers can efficiently release porphyrin in the aqueous phase. The addition of TMPNPs and CS to the PU backbone increased the hydrophilicity, degradation, and reduced mechanical properties. The culture of human fetal foreskin fibroblasts (HFFF2) on PCS/TMP/TMPNPs scaffold led to an increased survival rate and morphological adaptation analyzed by MTT and SEM images. Irradiation with a red laser (635 nm, 3 J/cm2) for the 30 s reduced viability of S. aureus and E. Coli bacteria plated on PCS/TMP and PCS/TMP/TMPNPs nanofibrous mats compared to PU/PCEC (PC) and PU/PCEC/CS (PCS) groups, indicating prominent antibacterial effects of PCS/TMP and PCS/TMP/TMPNPs nanofibrous (p < 0.05). Data indicated that PCS/TMP/TMPNPs mat enhanced healing of the full-thickness excisional wound in a rat model by the reduction of inflammatory response and fibrotic changes compared to the PC, and PCS groups (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence imaging indicated that levels of Desmoglein were increased in rats that received PCS/TMP/TMPNPs compared to the other groups. It is found that a PU-based nanofibrous mat is an appropriate scaffold to accelerate the healing of injured skin. Graphical abstract

Keywords

• Wound healing
• Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
• Chitosan
• Polyurethane
• Cationic porphyrins
• Electrospinning