Tinnitus Suppression with Electrical Stimulation at the Most Basal Contact of the Cochlear Implant Electrode as a Model for Round Window Stimulation

Abstract

Background: The objective of this research was to test whether efficient tinnitus suppression could be achieved by electrical stimulation of the single most basal electrode contact of a cochlear implant. This approach simulates the effects of electrical stimulation using a round-window electrode. Methods: The study was performed in 10 adult cochlear implant patients showing complete or almost complete tinnitus suppression during electrical stimulation with their standard fitting-MAP. In all patients, tinnitus appeared again when the implant was switched off. Five Nucleus implant (1 CI532, 4 CI24RE CA) users and 5 Mi12xx series with FLEX28 electrodes with at least 6 months of CI experience were included. Two types of stimulation were presented at the most basal CI contact: a constant pulse train and a modulated pulse train. The variation in pulse rates was low rate (100-300 pps) and high (≥900 pps), and the current level ranged from the C-level to less than the T-level for both stimulation types. The effect of acute electrical stimulation at the most basal electrode contact was compared to the effect obtained with multichannel stimulation with the patient’s current fitting MAP. Electrical stimulation was paused between tests with different stimulation types until tinnitus returned to baseline intensity. Patients reported Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for tinnitus loudness and intrusiveness during normal CI use and for each single contact stimulation type. Results: Eight participants perceived complete suppression with one or more stimulation patterns. In 2 patients, suppression was less efficient than full-band CI stimulation. Louder stimuli are generally perceived as annoying and less effective in reducing tinnitus. In FLEX28 patients, it was also possible to obtain full tinnitus suppression with current amplitudes under the thresholds for auditory perception (this was not tested in patients with the Nucleus device). Conclusion: In 8 of the 10 included patients, we were able to obtain complete or almost complete tinnitus suppression with electrical stimulation at only 1 most basal electrode contact. Therefore, round-window stimulation with a single electrode may be a potential treatment for tinnitus in patients with significant residual hearing. The long-term effects of this therapy should be confirmed in future studies.