Characterization of Bioactive Compounds and Novel Proteins Derived from Promising Source <i>Citrullus colocynthis</i> along with In-Vitro and In-Vivo Activities
Muhammad Afzal,
Anis Shahzad Khan,
Basit Zeshan,
Muhammad Riaz,
Umer Ejaz,
Ayesha Saleem,
Rida Zaineb,
Haseeb Akram Sindhu,
Chan Yean Yean,
Naveed Ahmed
Affiliations
Muhammad Afzal
Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Anis Shahzad Khan
Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Basit Zeshan
Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Sandakan 90509, Sabah, Malaysia
Muhammad Riaz
Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Umer Ejaz
Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Ayesha Saleem
Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Rida Zaineb
Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Haseeb Akram Sindhu
Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Chan Yean Yean
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
Naveed Ahmed
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
Herbal products are preferable to synthetic medicines, and the use of traditional medicines is increasing day-by-day. The current study was designed to evaluate the potentials of bioactive compounds from Citrullus colocynthis by performing FTIR, HPLC, and GC-MS analyses, which explore the good concentration of the secondary metabolites, such as gallic acid (74.854 ppm), vanillic acid (122.616 ppm), and ferulic acid (101.045 ppm) with considerable bioactivities. Antimicrobial protein was estimated by performing SDS-PAGE, ranging from 15 to 70 kDa in all protein fractions. The current study also checked the cytotoxicity of the bioactive compounds in the active fraction of C. colocynthis, and to perform this activity, the groups of rats were arranged with 16 rats randomly divided into four groups (three experimental and one control) by administering various dosage of methanolic fractions in dose-dependent manner. Histopathology was conducted on the livers of the rats after 15 days of sacrifice under deep anesthesia. In liver cell slides examined at the maximum dose of 600 mg/kg, minimal morphological changes, such as slight ballooning, nuclear variation, vacuolar degeneration, and hydropic degeneration, were observed. Furthermore, the in silico analysis identified bioactive compounds as potential drug candidates.
