Extraction and Characterization of Inherently Antimicrobial Fibres from Aerial Roots of Banyan Tree

Abstract

Aerial roots of the Banyan tree were utilized to extract completely biodegradable natural fibers with inherent antimicrobial properties which can be used as potential raw material for health and hygiene products. Fiber extraction conditions were optimized for biological, chemical and enzymatic treatments. Bleaching and softening treatments were given for improving color, further individualization and enhancing handle of extracted fibers. The change in chemical composition due to alkali treatment was determined using FTIR. SEM was used to compare the change in surface morphology of fibers with the use of different treatment. Various physical and biological properties of the fibers were tested and compared with other lignocellulosic fibers. It was observed that the physical properties of fibers extracted from aerial roots of banyan tree were comparable to other natural cellulosic fibers like sisal, coir, jute. The fibers have a combination of properties such as low strength, moderate elongation along with good moisture regain and retention. Additionally, they exhibit excellent resistance against bacterial and fungal growth, which is quite rare in case of natural cellulosic fibers, making them suitable for potential usage, especially in hygiene products. Other applications in terms of fiber composites with suitable materials can also be envisaged.

Keywords

• inherently antimicrobial fiber
• banyan fiber
• aerial root
• antibacterial natural lignocellulosic
• fungal resistance
• sustainable hygiene products