Leuko-Glycemic Index in the Prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction; a Cohort Study on Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry

Abstract

Introduction: The leuko-glycemic index (LGI), a combined index of patient leukocyte counts and blood glucose levels, has been shown to predict the prognosis of myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Our study aims to investigate the performance of LGI in prediction of outcomes in a population of diabetic and non-diabetic MI patients. Methods: This observational registry-based cohort study was performed on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Participants were sub-grouped according to their diabetes status and the calculated optimal LGI cut-off value. The outcomes of the study were the length of hospital stay, and in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Results: A total of 296 AMI (112 diabetic and 184 non-diabetic) patients were included in the study. The optimal cut-off value of LGI in the diabetic and non-diabetic groups was calculated as 2970.4 mg/dl.mm3 and 2249.4 mg/dl.mm3, respectively. High LGI was associated with increased hospital admission duration in non-diabetic patients (p = 0.017). The area under the curve (AUC) of LGI for prediction of in-hospital mortality was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87 to 1.00) in the diabetic group and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85 to 0.99) in the non-diabetic group. LGI had a sensitivity and specificity of 90.00%, and 93.14% in prediction of in-hospital mortality in the diabetic group compared to 77.77% and 90.85% in the non-diabetic group. We observed 4 post-discharge mortalities in our patient group. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that higher LGI predicts in-hospital mortality in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients, while the length of hospital stay was only predicted by LGI levels in non-diabetic patients.

Keywords

• Leuko-glycemic index
• LGI
• Acute myocardial infarction
• Risk stratification