Microwave- and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids from <i>Momordica charantia</i> L. Cultivars and Their Antiproliferative Effect on SAS Human Oral Cancer Cells
Yu-Tsung Lee,
Li-Heng Pao,
Chi-Yuan Chen,
Sui-Qing Huang,
Alaganandam Kumaran,
Jong-Ho Chyuan,
Chun-Hui Chiu
Affiliations
Yu-Tsung Lee
Graduate Institute of Health Industry and Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
Li-Heng Pao
Graduate Institute of Health Industry and Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
Chi-Yuan Chen
Graduate Institute of Health Industry and Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
Sui-Qing Huang
Graduate Institute of Health Industry and Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
Alaganandam Kumaran
Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala City 695019, India
Jong-Ho Chyuan
Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Hualien City 973044, Taiwan
Chun-Hui Chiu
Graduate Institute of Health Industry and Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids are a major class of bioactive compounds present in bitter melon. In the present study, six different cultivars of bitter melon were extracted by using microwave- or ultrasound-assisted techniques to identify the prominent method that can extract the majority of cucurbitane-type triterpenoids. A UHPLC–MS/MS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) system was used for the identification and quantification of ten cucurbitane-type triterpenoids. The results suggest that the use of microwave-assisted extraction on cultivars 4 and 5 produced higher amounts of the selected cucurbitane-type triterpenoids. The interpretation of principal component analysis also identified that cultivar 4 is significantly different from the others in which the compounds 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al and momordicine I were found in higher quantities. Upon further evaluation, it was also identified that these two triterpenoids can act as antiproliferative agents due to their effects on SAS human oral cancer cell lines.
