An overview of methods for production and detection of silver nanoparticles, with emphasis on their fate and toxicological effects on human, soil, and aquatic environment

Abstract

Practically, AgNPs are converted to the positively charged Ag+ ions by dissolution process and will react with the negatively charged oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the vital organelles like DNA, mitochondrion, and the thiol group presented in protein structures and enzymes, which in terms interrupts the normal cell reproduction, and finally, the death of cell will occur according to the toxicity limit of (Ag+) silver ions level of each organ.

Keywords

• silver ions
• toxicity mechanism
• agnps
• human health
• aquatic environment
• soil
• crops