Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical (Mar 2009)
WATER STRESS AND FERTILIZER INCORPORATION DEPTH AFFECTING BEAN YIELD COMPONENTS ESTRESSE HÍDRICO E PROFUNDIDADE DE INCORPORAÇÃO DO ADUBO AFETANDO OS COMPONENTES DE RENDIMENTO DO FEIJOEIRO
Abstract
<!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 120%;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span>T</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span>he field experiment was conducted during the 2006 </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">dry season, in Rio Verde, Goiás State, Brazil. The annual rainfall averages 1400 mm, in two well defined seasons, a dry season (May-October) and a rainy season (November-April), with annual mean temperature between 20°C and 25°C. The development of the common bean (</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><em>Phaseolus vulgaris </em></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">L.), </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><em>Carioca comum</em></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><em>Rudá</em></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">, and </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><em>Pérola </em></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">cultivars, was evaluated, as related to the effects of irrigation suppression periods, in the different stages of plant cycle (vegetative, beginning of flowering, full flowering, developing seed pod, and full maturity), under two depths of fertilizer incorporation (5 cm and 15cm). The experiment was conducted as randomized blocks design, with 30 treatments and four replications. The variables studied were yield (kg ha</span><sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">), weight of 100 grains (g), leaf area index (m</span><sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> m</span><sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">), plant height (cm), number of pods per plant, and number of grains per pod. The irrigation suppression, during the different bean growth stages, was significantly negative in all analyzed varieties, except for weight of 100 grains. The </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><em>Carioca comum </em></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">cultivar presented the highest yield, when irrigation was suppressed during the beginning of flowering and full maturity, with fertilizer incorporation at 15 cm. For the </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><em>Rudá </em></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">and </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><em>Pérola </em></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">cultivars, when irrigation was suppressed in the seed pod development and full maturity stages, the fertilizer incorporation depth did not interfere in the productivity.</span></span></span></p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">KEY-WORDS: Water deficit; irrigation suppression; <em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em>.</span></span></p> <!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:AutoHyphenation /> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui></object> <style> st1:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.ResumoPAT, li.ResumoPAT, div.ResumoPAT {mso-style-name:"Resumo PAT"; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.0cm; line-height:120%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-hyphenate:none; mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none; font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;} p.Palavras-ChavePAT, li.Palavras-ChavePAT, div.Palavras-ChavePAT {mso-style-name:"Palavras-Chave PAT"; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; line-height:120%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-hyphenate:none; mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none; font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;} span.CharChar {mso-style-name:"Char Char"; mso-style-parent:""; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; color:black; mso-font-width:100%;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-footnote-numbering-restart:each-section;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--><!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --> <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="en-US" align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR">O </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR">experimento de campo foi conduzido durante a estação seca de 2006, em Rio Verde, Estado de Goiás. O clima da região apresenta pluviosidade média em torno de 1400 mm, em duas estações bem definidas, uma seca (maio a outubro) e outra chuvosa (novembro a abril), com temperatura média anual variando entre 20°C e 25°C. Utilizaram-se as cultivares de feijoeiro Carioca comum, Rudá e Pérola, objetivando-se avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de feijão, do mesmo grupo, com o estabelecimento de períodos de supressão da irrigação, em diferentes estádios do ciclo vital (vegetativo, pré-floração, plena floração, enchimento de vagens e final ou maturação), sob duas profundidades de incorporação do adubo (5 cm e 15 cm). Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com trinta tratamentos e quatro repetições. Avaliou-se a produtividade (kg ha</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><sup><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR">-1</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR">), massa de 100 grãos (g), número de vagens por planta e número de grãos por vagem. A supressão da irrigação, durante os diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento do feijoeiro, interferiu, significativamente, de modo negativo, em todas as variáveis analisadas, com exceção do peso de 100 grãos. A cultivar Carioca comum apresentou maior produtividade, nos estádios em que a irrigação foi suprimida, durante a pré-floração e maturação, sob profundidade de incorporação do adubo a 15 cm. Para as cultivares Rudá e Pérola, nos estádios em que a irrigação foi suprimida, na maturação e enchimento de grãos, a profundidade de incorporação do adubo não interferiu na produtividade.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-indent: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="justify"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Déficit hídrico; supressão de irrigação; <em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em>.</span></span></span></p>
Keywords
