COVID-19 breakthrough infections and sleep disorders: A population-based propensity matched analysis

Abstract

Objectives: Examine risks for breakthrough COVID-19 infections in vaccinated patients with selected sleep disorders. Methods: Real-time search and analysis using the TriNetX platform to evaluate risk of COVID-19 breakthrough infections (BTI) for patients having ICD-10 diagnoses relating to insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, and inadequate sleep. The sleep disorder and control cohorts underwent propensity matching including factors for age, gender, race, ethnicity, and multiple co-morbid conditions. Results: Of 24,720 patients identified as having a sleep disturbance relating to insomnia, circadian rhythm disorder, or inadequate sleep, 815 (3.2 %) were found to have a developed a BTI. There was a significant increased risk of BTI noted between the sleep disorder and control cohorts (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.40, 95 % confidence interval (CI) of 1.23–1.58). Subgroup analysis showed an elevated risk for BTI receiving two doses (aOR 1.53, 95 % CI 1.24–1.89) versus three doses (aOR 1.45, 95 % CI 1.24–1.69). Patients with the sleep disturbance were not found to be at an increased risk of hospitalization, intubation, death, or composite outcome of death and intubation. Conclusion: The presence of having a diagnosis of insomnia, circadian rhythm disorder, or inadequate sleep was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 breakthrough infection.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• Long-COVID
• Breakthrough infections
• Sleep disorders
• Insomnia
• Sleep deprivation