Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity (May 2020)
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Kerman, Southern Iran
Abstract
Tania Dehesh,1 Paria Dehesh,2 Shahla Shojaei3 1Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; 2Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaCorrespondence: Paria Dehesh Email [email protected]: Depression and anxiety are common disorders in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. These disorders can lead to premature morbidity, exacerbate disease complications, make patients suffer more, and increase health-care costs. As diabetes has increased worldwide recently, it is necessary to reduce the prevalence of factors that are associated with depression and anxiety in diabetes patients. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression and to identify their associated factors, including metabolic components among people with type 2 diabetes.Patients and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in 1500 patients with type 2 diabetes in Kerman, in the southern part of Iran. The prevalence of depression and anxiety was estimated using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Anxiety questionnaires, respectively. After calculating the proportions of depression and anxiety, univariate logistic regression was performed. Factors whose P-values were smaller than 0.2 in univariate logistic regression were included in multiple logistic regression for confounder adjustments. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.Results: The rates of depression and anxiety were 59% (95% CI: 54.48– 63.12) and 62% (95% CI: 59.51– 66.27), respectively. Factors found to be independently associated with anxiety were high FBS, high LDL-C, high TG, hypertension, complications, low physical activity. Factors found to be independently associated with depression were female gender, older age, high BMI, high FBS, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, high TG, high HbA1c, hypertension, and low physical activity. Complications were independently associated with anxiety but not with depression. Female gender, older age, high BMI, low HDL-C, and high HbA1c were independently associated with depression but not with anxiety.Conclusion: Current findings demonstrated that a large proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes suffer from depression and anxiety. This study also identified factors associated with these disorders. Controlling some metabolic variables will decrease the prevalence of these disorders and improves clinical remedy and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.Keywords: anxiety, depression, type 2 diabetes, Hamilton questionnaire, Beck questionnaire
