Flavonoid and Non-Flavonoid Compounds of Autumn Royal and Egnatia Grape Skin Extracts Affect Membrane PUFA’s Profile and Cell Morphology in Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines
Valeria Tutino,
Isabella Gigante,
Rosa Anna Milella,
Valentina De Nunzio,
Riccardo Flamini,
Mirko De Rosso,
Maria Principia Scavo,
Nicoletta Depalo,
Elisabetta Fanizza,
Maria Gabriella Caruso,
Maria Notarnicola
Affiliations
Valeria Tutino
Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
Isabella Gigante
Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
Rosa Anna Milella
Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 70010 Turi (BA), Italy
Valentina De Nunzio
Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
Riccardo Flamini
Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
Mirko De Rosso
Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
Maria Principia Scavo
Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
Nicoletta Depalo
Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, 70125 Bari (BA), Italy
Elisabetta Fanizza
Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, 70125 Bari (BA), Italy
Maria Gabriella Caruso
Ambulatory of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
Maria Notarnicola
Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
Grapes contain many flavonoid and non-flavonoid compounds with anticancer effects. In this work we fully characterized the polyphenolic profile of two grape skin extracts (GSEs), Autumn Royal and Egnatia, and assessed their effects on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) membrane levels of Caco2 and SW480 human colon cancer cell lines. Gene expression of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), as well as cell morphology, were evaluated. The polyphenolic composition was analyzed by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole-Time of Flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF) analysis. PUFA levels were evaluated by gas chromatography, and gene expression levels of 15-LOX-1 and PPAR-γ were analyzed by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Morphological cell changes caused by GSEs were identified by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and photomicrograph examination. We detected a different profile of flavonoid and non-flavonoid compounds in Autumn Royal and Egnatia GSEs. Cultured cells showed an increase of total PUFA levels mainly after treatment with Autumn Royal grape, and were richer in flavonoids when compared with the Egnatia variety. Both GSEs were able to affect 15-LOX-1 and PPAR-γ gene expression and cell morphology. Our results highlighted a new antitumor mechanism of GSEs that involves membrane PUFAs and their downstream pathways.
