Application of nonpenetrating titanium clips for primary spinal dural closure following intradural tethered cord release in pediatric tethered cord syndrome: Profile of safety, efficacy, efficiency, and complications

Abstract

Introduction: Surgical treatment for tethered cord syndrome (TCS) involves a laminotomy for intradural lysis of filum terminale (LFT), with the goal of releasing excess tension on the conus medullaris by dividing the filum terminale. While LFT alleviates clinical symptoms, it is associated with risks and complications, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and infection, either superficial or deep. Some risks and complications of LFT relate to efficiency and quality of primary dural closure and its downstream effects. We sought to assess the utility of nonpenetrating titanium clips (TC) for primary dural closure with a particular focus on operative duration, associated costs, and complication profiles in a series of pediatric patients undergoing LFT, hypothesizing that TC utilization leads to more efficient closure and therefore potentially lower costs and potentially associated anesthetic length and risks. Methods: A 4-surgeon, single institution series of 28 pediatric patients underwent LFT with subsequent dural closure performed with either the AnastoClip® nonpenetrating titanium clips or traditional suture technique between July 2022 and May 2023. In order to compare the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness between the two dural closure techniques, relevant data were collected including patient demographics and rates of CSF leak, infection at three-month follow-up, and reoperation. Operative durations and times from beginning to end of dural closure were recorded. Results: A total of 28 pediatric patients (mean age: 5.9 years, 43% female, range: 0.71–17 years) with TCS underwent LFT. All patients underwent procedures involving intradural surgery of the lumbar region. Dural closure was performed using traditional suturing in 19 patients (67.9%) and TC in 9 (32.1%). With respect to duration of dural closure, the average time to closure using traditional suturing techniques was 1271 s (or 21 min and 11 s), while the average time for TC was 265 s (or 4 min and 25 s). At three-month follow-up, one case of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak or infection was observed in the suture cohort and required reoperation. Conclusion: Clinical outcomes in the TC group were excellent, consistent with previous reports; our findings further suggest that TCs result in more efficient dural closure than traditional suturing techniques. Our findings suggest that TC may be a safe, efficacious, and more efficient alternative to traditional suture for achieving dural closure in pediatric patients with TCS undergoing LFT surgery.

Keywords

• Tethered cord release
• Tethered cord syndrome
• Filum lysis
• Anastoclip
• Complications
• Operative duration