The physicochemical properties of the deep eutectic solvents with triethanolamine as a major component

Abstract

Different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) of triethanolamine (TEOA) and oxalic acid (OA), glacial acetic acid (AA), L-(+)-lactic acid (LA), oleic acid (OLA), glycerol (G), ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PEG), choline chloride (ChCl) or 1,3-dimethylurea (DMU) were prepared and characterized regarding their physicochemical (density, viscosity, electrical conductivity, refractive index, coefficient of volume expansion, molecular volume, lattice energy and heat capacity) properties over the temperature range of 293.15–363.15 K at 101.325 kPa. For all tested DESs, the density, viscosity and refractive index decreased with rising temperature, while the electrical conductivity increased. The temperature dependence of viscosity and electrical conductivity are described by the Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher equations. The viscosity and molar conductivity, which exhibited a linear behaviour, were correlated by the fractional Walden rule. Besides, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study the functional groups of these DESs while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) provided the information about their stability. The tested DESs of TEOA possess desirable properties for use in various industrial processes, such as extractions, separations, chemical technology and biotechnology.

Keywords

• dess
• density
• viscosity
• conductivity
• refractive index