Origin, dietary exposure, and toxicity of endocrine-disrupting food chemical contaminants: A comprehensive review
Leila Peivasteh-roudsari,
Raziyeh Barzegar-bafrouei,
Kurush Aghbolagh Sharifi,
Shamimeh Azimisalim,
Marziyeh Karami,
Solmaz Abedinzadeh,
Shabnam Asadinezhad,
Behrouz Tajdar-oranj,
Vahideh Mahdavi,
Adel Mirza Alizadeh,
Parisa Sadighara,
Margherita Ferrante,
Gea Oliveri Conti,
Aynura Aliyeva,
Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Affiliations
Leila Peivasteh-roudsari
Food and Drug Administration of Iran, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
Raziyeh Barzegar-bafrouei
Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Kurush Aghbolagh Sharifi
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Shamimeh Azimisalim
Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Marziyeh Karami
Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Solmaz Abedinzadeh
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Shabnam Asadinezhad
Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
Behrouz Tajdar-oranj
Food and Drug Administration of Iran, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
Vahideh Mahdavi
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 1475744741, Tehran, Iran
Adel Mirza Alizadeh
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Parisa Sadighara
Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author.
Margherita Ferrante
Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia,” Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
Gea Oliveri Conti
Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia,” Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
Aynura Aliyeva
Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan; Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology – State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02-532, Warsaw, Poland; Corresponding author. Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a growing public health concern worldwide. Consumption of foodstuffs is currently thought to be one of the principal exposure routes to EDCs. However, alternative ways of human exposure are through inhalation of chemicals and dermal contact. These compounds in food products such as canned food, bottled water, dairy products, fish, meat, egg, and vegetables are a ubiquitous concern to the general population. Therefore, understanding EDCs' properties, such as origin, exposure, toxicological impact, and legal aspects are vital to control their release to the environment and food. The present paper provides an overview of the EDCs and their possible disrupting impact on the endocrine system and other organs.
