The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2023)
SN 2023ixf in Messier 101: Photo-ionization of Dense, Close-in Circumstellar Material in a Nearby Type II Supernova
- W. V. Jacobson-Galán,
- L. Dessart,
- R. Margutti,
- R. Chornock,
- R. J. Foley,
- C. D. Kilpatrick,
- D. O. Jones,
- K. Taggart,
- C. R. Angus,
- S. Bhattacharjee,
- L. A. Braff,
- D. Brethauer,
- A. J. Burgasser,
- F. Cao,
- C. M. Carlile,
- K. C. Chambers,
- D. A. Coulter,
- E. Dominguez-Ruiz,
- C. B. Dickinson,
- T. de Boer,
- A. Gagliano,
- C. Gall,
- H. Gao,
- E. L. Gates,
- S. Gomez,
- M. Guolo,
- M. R. J. Halford,
- J. Hjorth,
- M. E. Huber,
- M. N. Johnson,
- P. R. Karpoor,
- T. Laskar,
- N LeBaron,
- Z. Li,
- Y. Lin,
- S. D. Loch,
- P. D. Lynam,
- E. A. Magnier,
- P. Maloney,
- D. J. Matthews,
- M. McDonald,
- H.-Y. Miao,
- D. Milisavljevic,
- Y.-C. Pan,
- S. Pradyumna,
- C. L. Ransome,
- J. M. Rees,
- A. Rest,
- C. Rojas-Bravo,
- N. R. Sandford,
- L. Sandoval Ascencio,
- S. Sanjaripour,
- A. Savino,
- H. Sears,
- N. Sharei,
- S. J. Smartt,
- E. R. Softich,
- C. A. Theissen,
- S. Tinyanont,
- H. Tohfa,
- V. A. Villar,
- Q. Wang,
- R. J. Wainscoat,
- A. L. Westerling,
- E. Wiston,
- M. A. Wozniak,
- S. K. Yadavalli,
- Y. Zenati
Affiliations
- W. V. Jacobson-Galán
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- L. Dessart
- ORCiD
- Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS-Sorbonne Université , 98 bis boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris, France
- R. Margutti
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]; Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- R. Chornock
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- R. J. Foley
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- C. D. Kilpatrick
- ORCiD
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- D. O. Jones
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory, NSF’s NOIRLab , 670 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
- K. Taggart
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- C. R. Angus
- ORCiD
- DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- S. Bhattacharjee
- ORCiD
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University , 300 Zhongda Road, Zhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- L. A. Braff
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- D. Brethauer
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- A. J. Burgasser
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, UC San Diego , La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- F. Cao
- Department of Statistics, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- C. M. Carlile
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- K. C. Chambers
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- D. A. Coulter
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- E. Dominguez-Ruiz
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- C. B. Dickinson
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- T. de Boer
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- A. Gagliano
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1002 W. Green St., IL 61801, USA; Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications , Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- C. Gall
- ORCiD
- DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- H. Gao
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- E. L. Gates
- ORCiD
- University of California Observatories/Lick Observatory , Mount Hamilton, CA 95140, USA
- S. Gomez
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- M. Guolo
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- M. R. J. Halford
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Auburn University , 380 Duncan Drive, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- J. Hjorth
- ORCiD
- DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- M. E. Huber
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- M. N. Johnson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- P. R. Karpoor
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- T. Laskar
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- N LeBaron
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- Z. Li
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Y. Lin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Riverside , 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, USA
- S. D. Loch
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Auburn University , 380 Duncan Drive, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- P. D. Lynam
- University of California Observatories/Lick Observatory , Mount Hamilton, CA 95140, USA
- E. A. Magnier
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- P. Maloney
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- D. J. Matthews
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- M. McDonald
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Riverside , 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, USA
- H.-Y. Miao
- ORCiD
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University , 300 Zhongda Road, Zhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- D. Milisavljevic
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Y.-C. Pan
- ORCiD
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University , 300 Zhongda Road, Zhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- S. Pradyumna
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Riverside , 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, USA
- C. L. Ransome
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University , 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- J. M. Rees
- ORCiD
- University of California Observatories/Lick Observatory , Mount Hamilton, CA 95140, USA
- A. Rest
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- C. Rojas-Bravo
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- N. R. Sandford
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- L. Sandoval Ascencio
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
- S. Sanjaripour
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Riverside , 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, USA
- A. Savino
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- H. Sears
- ORCiD
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- N. Sharei
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Riverside , 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, USA
- S. J. Smartt
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast , Belfast BT7 1NN, UK; Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Keble Road, Oxford, UK
- E. R. Softich
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- C. A. Theissen
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- S. Tinyanont
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- H. Tohfa
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Riverside , 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, USA
- V. A. Villar
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University , 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Institute for Computational & Data Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, USA; Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Q. Wang
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- R. J. Wainscoat
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- A. L. Westerling
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- E. Wiston
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- M. A. Wozniak
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Riverside , 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, USA
- S. K. Yadavalli
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University , 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Y. Zenati
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf2ec
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 954,
no. 2
p. L42
Abstract
We present UV and/or optical observations and models of SN 2023ixf, a type II supernova (SN) located in Messier 101 at 6.9 Mpc. Early time ( flash ) spectroscopy of SN 2023ixf, obtained primarily at Lick Observatory, reveals emission lines of H i , He i/ii , C iv , and N iii/iv/v with a narrow core and broad, symmetric wings arising from the photoionization of dense, close-in circumstellar material (CSM) located around the progenitor star prior to shock breakout. These electron-scattering broadened line profiles persist for ∼8 days with respect to first light, at which time Doppler broadened the features from the fastest SN ejecta form, suggesting a reduction in CSM density at r ≳ 10 ^15 cm. The early time light curve of SN 2023ixf shows peak absolute magnitudes (e.g., M _u = −18.6 mag, M _g = −18.4 mag) that are ≳2 mag brighter than typical type II SNe, this photometric boost also being consistent with the shock power supplied from CSM interaction. Comparison of SN 2023ixf to a grid of light-curve and multiepoch spectral models from the non-LTE radiative transfer code CMFGEN and the radiation-hydrodynamics code HERACLES suggests dense, solar-metallicity CSM confined to r = (0.5–1) × 10 ^15 cm, and a progenitor mass-loss rate of $\dot{M}={10}^{-2}\,{M}_{\odot }$ yr ^−1 . For the assumed progenitor wind velocity of v _w = 50 km s ^−1 , this corresponds to enhanced mass loss (i.e., superwind phase) during the last ∼3–6 yr before explosion.
Keywords
