The Contribution of Secondary Particles Following Carbon Ion Radiotherapy to Soft Errors in CIEDs

Abstract

Introduction: While carbon ion radiotherapy is highly effective in cancer treatment, it has a high risk of causing soft error, which leads to malfunctions in cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIEDs). To predict the risk of malfunction prior to treatment, it is necessary to measure the reaction cross-sections and contributions to the soft error of secondary particles generated during treatments. Methods: A field-programmable gate array was used instead of CIEDs to measure soft errors by varying the energy spectrum of secondary particles. Results and discussion: The reaction cross-sections measured for each secondary particle were 3.0 × 10−9, 2.0 × 10−9, 1.3 × 10−8, and 1.5 × 10−8 [cm2/Mb] for thermal neutrons, intermediate-energy neutrons, high-energy neutrons above 10 MeV, and protons, respectively. The contribution of high-energy neutrons was the largest among them. Our study indicates that to reduce the risk of soft errors, secure distance and appropriate irradiation directions are necessary.

Keywords

• Carbon ion radiotherapy
• cardiac implantable electrical device (CIED)
• cross-section
• neutron
• soft error