Perceived Stress and Level of Uncertainty Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Abstract

Introduction Disease uncertainty refers to the inability to assign meaning to events related to the illness. Uncertainty of the disease can affect various aspects of human life such as psychological aspects. Objectives This study aims to examine the relationship between disease uncertainty and perceived stress in COVID-19 patients. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 212 hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were initially admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) and later transferred to general wards within the same hospitals. Three instruments were utilized to collect data for this study. The Demographic Information Questionnaire, Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS) for disease uncertainty, and Perceived Stress Questionnaire. For data analysis, both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. Results The Pearson correlation coefficient matrix results showed a positive and significant relationship between uncertainty about the illness ( P < .001, r = 0.829), ambiguity ( P < .001, r = 0.795), complexity ( P < .001, r = 0.835), inconsistency or instability ( P < .001, r = 0.787), and unpredictability ( P < .001, r = 0.776) with perceived stress in COVID-19 patients transferred from the intensive care units. Conclusion Based on the findings of the current study, both uncertainty and perceived stress are elevated among COVID-19 patients, and a significant and direct relationship exists between these two variables. Healthcare providers, particularly nurses, should address the uncertainties surrounding emerging diseases, both at the hospital and community levels.