Circulating Biomarkers of Immune Activation Distinguish Viral Suppression from Nonsuppression in HAART-Treated Patients with Advanced HIV-1 Subtype C Infection

• Glen Malherbe,
• Helen C. Steel,
• Sharon Cassol,
• Tulio de Oliveira,
• Christopher J. Seebregts,
• Ronald Anderson,
• Edana Cassol,
• Theresa M. Rossouw

Affiliations

Glen Malherbe

Medical Research Council Unit for Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

Helen C. Steel

Medical Research Council Unit for Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

Sharon Cassol

Medical Research Council Unit for Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

Tulio de Oliveira

Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba 3935, South Africa

Christopher J. Seebregts

Jembi Health Systems NPC, Cape Town, Cape Town 7945, South Africa

Ronald Anderson

Medical Research Council Unit for Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

Edana Cassol

Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA02215, MA, USA

Theresa M. Rossouw

Medical Research Council Unit for Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa