Dengue encephalopathy concurrent with secondary pulmonary tuberculosis in an elderly male with multiple comorbidities

Abstract

Dengue fever (DF) and tuberculosis (TB) present significant global health challenges, often with overlapping clinical features, especially when complicated by conditions like dengue encephalopathy. We present a case study involving an 84-year-old male with a complex medical history, encompassing pulmonary tuberculosis reactivation, who subsequently developed dengue encephalitis. This underscores the complexity of managing such cases in the geriatric population. Dengue encephalitis, once considered non-neurotropic, is increasingly recognized, necessitating consideration as a potential differential diagnosis in patients with neurological symptoms, particularly in endemic regions. Our patient exhibited typical DF symptoms alongside manifestations of encephalopathy. Concurrently, secondary TB reactivation was observed, emphasizing the intricate interplay between these diseases. Additionally, lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) further complicated the clinical picture. Timely recognition and comprehensive management are crucial, as demonstrated in our case, where prompt reporting and conservative measures led to a favorable outcome.

Keywords

• Dengue fever
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
• Respiratory tract infection
• Encephalopathy
• Elderly