Frontiers in Marine Science (Jan 2022)
Best Practice Data Standards for Discrete Chemical Oceanographic Observations
- Li-Qing Jiang,
- Li-Qing Jiang,
- Denis Pierrot,
- Rik Wanninkhof,
- Richard A. Feely,
- Bronte Tilbrook,
- Simone Alin,
- Leticia Barbero,
- Leticia Barbero,
- Robert H. Byrne,
- Brendan R. Carter,
- Brendan R. Carter,
- Andrew G. Dickson,
- Jean-Pierre Gattuso,
- Jean-Pierre Gattuso,
- Dana Greeley,
- Mario Hoppema,
- Matthew P. Humphreys,
- Johannes Karstensen,
- Nico Lange,
- Siv K. Lauvset,
- Ernie R. Lewis,
- Are Olsen,
- Fiz F. Pérez,
- Christopher Sabine,
- Jonathan D. Sharp,
- Jonathan D. Sharp,
- Toste Tanhua,
- Thomas W. Trull,
- Anton Velo,
- Andrew J. Allegra,
- Paul Barker,
- Eugene Burger,
- Wei-Jun Cai,
- Chen-Tung A. Chen,
- Jessica Cross,
- Hernan Garcia,
- Jose Martin Hernandez-Ayon,
- Xinping Hu,
- Alex Kozyr,
- Alex Kozyr,
- Chris Langdon,
- Kitack Lee,
- Joe Salisbury,
- Zhaohui Aleck Wang,
- Liang Xue,
- Liang Xue
Affiliations
- Li-Qing Jiang
- Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- Li-Qing Jiang
- National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Denis Pierrot
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, United States
- Rik Wanninkhof
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, United States
- Richard A. Feely
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States
- Bronte Tilbrook
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere and Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Simone Alin
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States
- Leticia Barbero
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, United States
- Leticia Barbero
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Robert H. Byrne
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
- Brendan R. Carter
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States
- Brendan R. Carter
- Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Andrew G. Dickson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Jean-Pierre Gattuso
- 0CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne University, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
- Jean-Pierre Gattuso
- 1Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, Paris, France
- Dana Greeley
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States
- Mario Hoppema
- 2Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Matthew P. Humphreys
- 3Department of Ocean Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, Netherlands
- Johannes Karstensen
- 4GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Nico Lange
- 4GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Siv K. Lauvset
- 5NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
- Ernie R. Lewis
- 6Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
- Are Olsen
- 7Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Fiz F. Pérez
- 8Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas, IIM – CSIC, Vigo, Spain
- Christopher Sabine
- 9Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Jonathan D. Sharp
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States
- Jonathan D. Sharp
- Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Toste Tanhua
- 4GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Thomas W. Trull
- 0Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Anton Velo
- 8Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas, IIM – CSIC, Vigo, Spain
- Andrew J. Allegra
- National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Paul Barker
- 1School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Eugene Burger
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States
- Wei-Jun Cai
- 2School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Chen-Tung A. Chen
- 3Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Jessica Cross
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States
- Hernan Garcia
- National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Jose Martin Hernandez-Ayon
- 4Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
- Xinping Hu
- 5Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
- Alex Kozyr
- Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- Alex Kozyr
- National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Chris Langdon
- 6Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Kitack Lee
- 7Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
- Joe Salisbury
- 8Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
- Zhaohui Aleck Wang
- 9Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
- Liang Xue
- 0First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- Liang Xue
- 1Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.705638
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 8
Abstract
Effective data management plays a key role in oceanographic research as cruise-based data, collected from different laboratories and expeditions, are commonly compiled to investigate regional to global oceanographic processes. Here we describe new and updated best practice data standards for discrete chemical oceanographic observations, specifically those dealing with column header abbreviations, quality control flags, missing value indicators, and standardized calculation of certain properties. These data standards have been developed with the goals of improving the current practices of the scientific community and promoting their international usage. These guidelines are intended to standardize data files for data sharing and submission into permanent archives. They will facilitate future quality control and synthesis efforts and lead to better data interpretation. In turn, this will promote research in ocean biogeochemistry, such as studies of carbon cycling and ocean acidification, on regional to global scales. These best practice standards are not mandatory. Agencies, institutes, universities, or research vessels can continue using different data standards if it is important for them to maintain historical consistency. However, it is hoped that they will be adopted as widely as possible to facilitate consistency and to achieve the goals stated above.
Keywords
- data standard for chemical oceanography
- discrete chemical oceanographic observations
- column header abbreviations
- WOCE WHP exchange formats
- quality control flags
- content vs. concentration
