آداب الرافدين (Jun 1971)
Sufi figures in Khurasan in the second and third centuries AH
Abstract
The ascetic movement appeared in Islam as Muhammad "PBUH", and his early followers, used to perform all or part of the night as worship and worship. Islam has set limits and conditions for its followers that relate to asceticism, such as fasting, prayer, Hajj, Zakat, and the prohibition of alcohol. However, at the same time, Islam did not forbid its followers to enjoy the adornment of God that He gave to His servants from the good things: The Almighty said: (Say: Who forbade the adornment of God that He brought to His servants and good things out of sustenance. Say: It is for those who believe in the life of the world purely on the day of resurrection. For a people know) however. The sources told us that a group of the first Muslims had taken the path of asceticism, and they were the people of the class. The first century in Islam was unique to the many factors that encouraged the emergence of asceticism. The Islamic religion was the main proponent of this movement. The ascetic movement grew in abnormal political conditions in the first century AH, as the long-running civil wars during the era of the Companions and the Umayyads, the violent extremism that characterized political parties, and what Muslims suffered from those who were saved in their Islam by some despotic rulers. Course led. To the increase in the believers' feeling of asceticism in this worldly life and its pleasures, placing their hopes in the hereafter and finding in the Qur’an and Sunnah the best directed in their ascetic life. And they stood indifferent towards the rulers at the time. But the ascetic movement gradually became strong and violent and spread in all parts of the Muslims. After the ascetic movement was purely religious at first, some Sufi elements entered it and eventually turned into the oldest form we know of Islamic mysticism in the third century AH and what follows. The Khurasani asceticism played the main role in the growth This free ke. The organizers of the ascetic movement in Khorasan were among the most famous Muslims of pious Islam, according to the Hanafi school of thought. The movement won the strong sympathy of the rulers and blessed some of these pious people with administrative and religious positions, such as the presidency of cities, the judiciary, and the sermon, and others ascended to these jobs as well as abstained from the worldly life and its possessions, and turned their eyes towards the next and placed their hopes in it. From asceticism in Khorasan in the second century AH, flags that influenced the ascetic movement emerged, and among the most prominent of them were: Abraham bin Adham al-Balkhi and Abdullah bin al-Mubarak.
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