Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia (Sep 2012)
Fatores associados a padrões alimentares em adolescentes: um estudo de base escolar em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso Factors associated with dietary patterns in adolescents: a school-based study in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Identificar padrões alimentares de adolescentes e sua associação com características socioeconômicas, estilo de vida e estado nutricional. MÉTODOS: Investigou-se amostra probabilística de estudantes entre 14 a 19 anos de idade do ensino médio público e privado de Cuiabá/Mato Grosso (n = 1.139). Os dados foram coletados em sala de aula utilizando-se questionário autoaplicado. Para a obtenção de dados de consumo alimentar, aplicou-se questionário de frequência alimentar semiquantitativo. O estado nutricional foi classificado pelo escore z do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC = peso/estatura²). Para a classificação socioeconômica considerou-se a escolaridade do chefe da família e a presença de bens e equipamentos no domicílio. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados por meio da análise fatorial exploratória (método de extração: análise de componentes principais) e sua associação com as características socioeconômicas, estilo de vida e estado nutricional foi estimada por modelos de regressão linear múltipla mutuamente ajustados para os outros padrões. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados três padrões alimentares: "ocidental", "tradicional" e "misto". Estudar no turno vespertino e consumir bebidas alcoólicas foram associados (p OBJECTIVE: To identify dietary patterns among adolescents and to assess their association with socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics and nutritional status. METHODS: A probabilistic clustered two-stage sample of students between 14 and 19 years old from public and private high schools from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, was investigated (n = 1.139). A self-administered food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain information on food intake. Nutritional status was classified according to the Body Mass Index (BMI = weight/height²) z-score. Socioeconomic status was inferred by the education level of head of household and by the presence of electrical appliances in the household. Dietary patterns were identified by applying exploratory factor analysis (extraction method: principal component analysis) and their relationship with socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle variables, and nutritional status was estimated by mutually adjusted multilinear regression models. RESULTS: "Western", "traditional" and "mixed" dietary patterns were identified. Studying in the morning hours and reporting the intake of alcoholic beverages were associated with greater adherence to the "Western" pattern. Male low-income students from public schools who have a BMI in the normal range preferred the "traditional" pattern. The "mixed" pattern was adopted by boys from public schools reporting physical activity. CONCLUSION: Several factors were associated with dietary patterns of adolescents and the Brazilian traditional diet was associated with normal weight.
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