Numismatic Finds from the Chakma Settlement (Laishevo District, Republic of Tatarstan)

Abstract

The results of the analysis of 175 13-14th-century coins from the Chakma unfortified site in the lower reaches of the Kama river are presented. The collection under study includes 71 silver coins and 104 copper ones. For silver coins, nine periods of coinage (from the 1240s to 1400s) have been identified, and their origin from different mints, including Bolgar, Sarai-al-Maqrus, Sarai-al-Jadid , Gulistan etc., have been determined. The copper coins of Bolgar coinage dated to the mid — through to second half of the 13th century are specially considered. A conclusion about the active circulation of silver and copper coins in Chakma settlement in the second half of the 13th century is made, pointing out to its slight increase in the second third of the 14th century, which indicates its involvement in the Empire's trade. In the late 1360s, monetary circulation in Chakma settlement terminated in connection with the start of the general political and economic crisis of the Golden Horde.

Keywords

• the Volga-Kama river region
• the Middle Ages
• the Golden Horde
• the Bulgar Ulus
• the Bulgars
• numismatics
• silver and copper coins
• mint
• the dinar
• the dang
• the pul