International Journal of Infectious Diseases (Jan 2020)

High level of exposure to hepatitis B virus infection in a vulnerable population of a low endemic area: A challenge for vaccination coverage

  • Sabrina Moreira dos Santos Weis-Torres,
  • Sonia Maria Fernandes Fitts,
  • Wesley Márcio Cardoso,
  • Minoru German Higa Junior,
  • Lívia Alves Lima,
  • Larissa Melo Bandeira,
  • Vivianne Oliveira Landgraf Castro,
  • Fátima Aparecida Carneiro,
  • Luciana Maria Marangoni Iglecias,
  • Gabriela Alves Cesar,
  • Tayana Serpa Ortiz Tanaka,
  • Marco Antonio Moreira Puga,
  • Grazielli Rocha Rezende,
  • Julio Croda,
  • Bárbara Vieira Lago,
  • Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 90
pp. 46 – 52

Abstract

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Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiological and molecular features of HBV infection among recyclable waste collectors. Methods: The participants were recruited from the dumping ground and recycling cooperatives in Campo Grande, Brazil, and were screened for hepatitis B and C, and HIV serological markers by ELISA, confirmed by PCR. Results: Among 278 participants, 63.7% (95% CI: 58.0–69.3) were considered susceptible to HBV infection. The prevalence rate of HBV exposure was 10.1% (95% CI: 6.5–13.6) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1–0.6) were chronic carriers. Age ≥45 years (AOR = 7.15), history of homosexual contact (AOR = 5.29), tattoo (AOR = 4.92) and history of surgery (AOR = 2.89) were factors associated with ever infection. Age 18–25 years (AOR = 4.63), educational level ≥9 years (AOR = 1.98) and knowledge about HBV transmission (AOR = 3.08) were associated with serological HBV vaccination like profile (26.2%; 95% CI: 21.1–31.4). Conclusions: Despite the availability and efficacy of HBV vaccine, this study found high HBV exposure and proportion of susceptible adults in a low endemic area. Vaccination and screening campaigns using accessible language to the economically disadvantaged populations can reduce the number of people susceptible to HBV infection. Keywords: Hepatitis B virus, Sexually transmitted disease, Immunization