Local Effect of Insulin on Healing of Extraction Socket of Diabetic Rabbits (Experimental Study)

Abstract

Aims: The present study aims to investigate the effect of insulin on the healing of dental sockets in diabetic rabbits. Evaluating oral mucosa healing and bone regeneration of the healing process during three intervals 3-, 10- and 30-days post-extraction. Materials and Methods: Twelve male albino diabetic rabbit were used in this study, these were randomly sub-divided into three sub-groups (N=4) for the histological and immunohistochemistry evaluation at 3, 10, 30 days post-extraction and compared to the controls. The rabbits were euthanized at the corresponding time interval, each rabbit represented control and treated sample. Bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction (treated side and control side) was performed, followed by treatment injection into the socket. A gel foam cylindrical insert of (3*5 mm) dimensions was placed in both sockets. For the treated groups; a standardized dose 10 IU in 0.1 ml from a solution of 100 IU/ml concentration of Insulin; for each corresponding group was injected into the gel foam whilst in the socket of the treated side, while for the control side (was kept plain without injection). A secondary post-extraction standardized dose was split equally and injected buccally and palataly around the gingival margins of the studied socket on the 2nd, 4th, and 6th day post extraction only for the treated side. For each study interval rabbits in each group were euthanized, then specimen from the oral mucosa and maxillary alveolar bone from the extraction sockets with sufficient margins were immediately harvested and arranged for laboratory examination. Assessment of inflammatory response, granulation tissue formation, re-epithelialization, and bone healing and the expression of CD34 and Ki67 was performed. Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed, significance was recorded at p≤0.05. Results: Histological evaluation results revealed a significantly reduced inflammation response, reduced granulation tissue formation, higher and quicker re-epithelialization and enhanced bone formation for treated group when compared to control at certain time intervals within the total period of the study. The immunohistochemistry results revealed a significant increased expression of CD34 and Ki67 markers in the treated group as compared to the control groups at certain study intervals. Conclusions: Within the limits of the present study, local application of Insulin demonstrated a positive effect on the healing process of oral mucosa as well as bone regeneration of the dental socket of diabetic rabbits. The local injection of Insulin would be suitable candidate to be used in the enhancement of post-extraction healing.

Keywords

• insulin
• ؛healing
• tooth socket