Chromosomally Unstable Gastric Cancers Overexpressing Claudin-6 Disclose Cross-Talk between HNF1A and HNF4A, and Upregulated Cholesterol Metabolism

Abstract

(1) Abnormally increased expression of claudin-6 in gastric cancer is considered a prognostic marker of the chromosomal unstable molecular subtype. However, a detailed molecular profile analysis of differentially expressed genes and affected pathways associated with claudin-6 increased (Cldn6high) expression has not been assessed. (2) The TCGA Stomach Adenocarcinoma Pan-Cancer Atlas Data was evaluated using Cytoscape’s Gene Mania, MCODE, and Cytohubba bioinformatic software. (3) 96.88% of Cldn6high gastric cancer tumors belonging to the chromosomal unstable molecular subtype are associated with a worse prognosis. Cldn6expression coincided with higher mutations in TP53, MIEN1, STARD3, PGAP3, and CCNE1 genes compared to Cldn6low expression. In Cldn6high cancers, 1316 genes were highly expressed. Cholesterol metabolism was the most affected pathway as APOA1, APOA2, APOH, APOC2, APOC3, APOB-100, LDL receptor-related protein 1/2, Sterol O-acyltransferase, STARD3, MAGEA-2, -3, -4, -6, -9B, and -12 genes were overexpressed in Cldn6high gastric cancers; interestingly, APOA2 and MAGEA9b were identified as top hub genes. Functional enrichment of DEGs linked HNF-4α and HNF-1α genes as highly expressed in Cldn6high gastric cancer. (4) Our results suggest that APOA2 and MAGEA9b could be considered as prognostic markers for Cldn6high gastric cancers.

Keywords

• gastric cancer
• claudin-6
• cholesterol metabolism