Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia and Severe Differentiation Syndrome in Pregnancy—A Management Challenge
Gabriela Droc,
Maria Camelia Stancioaica,
Corina Gabriela Soare,
Mihai-Gabriel Stefan,
Daiana Ingustu,
Cristina Martac,
Daniel Coriu,
Sebastian Isac,
Nicolae Suciu,
Stefan Andrei
Affiliations
Gabriela Droc
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
Maria Camelia Stancioaica
Department of Haematology, ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
Corina Gabriela Soare
Department of Anaesthesiology, Cork University Hospital, College Rd. Wilton, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
Mihai-Gabriel Stefan
Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine II, “Prof CC Iliescu” Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, 022322 Bucharest, Romania
Daiana Ingustu
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
Cristina Martac
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
Daniel Coriu
Department of Haematology, ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
Sebastian Isac
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
Nicolae Suciu
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Institute Mothers and Children Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
Stefan Andrei
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is generated by the PML-RARA fusion gene. In patients suffering from APL, the early diagnosis and treatment are essential in the successful management. We reported a case of a 27-year-old 17th-week pregnant patient diagnosed with APL. After an extensive hematological diagnostic panel, the acute promyelocytic leukemia was confirmed, and the patient received all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), idarubicin (IDA), and dexamethasone, following national guidelines. Due to ATRA-related differentiation syndrome, the therapy was adjusted, and hydroxycarbamide was added with a good outcome. The patient was admitted to the ICU secondary to hypoxemic respiratory failure on the 2nd day after hospital admission. Our patient received an individualized drug combination, adjusted by the clinical response. Furthermore, the drugs used in APL treatment are all teratogenic. Despite various major complications, including severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which needed mechanical ventilation; ICU-acquired myopathy; and spontaneous abortion, the patient had a good outcome and was transferred from the ICU after a total stay of 40 days. APL during pregnancy is a rare entity of intermediate-risk APL. Our study emphasized the need for individualized therapy in a rare case of a pregnant woman diagnosed with a potentially fatal hematologic disease.