Sovremennye Issledovaniâ Socialʹnyh Problem (Mar 2020)
LEXICAL AND STYLISTIC FEATURES OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY MEDICAL TEXT
Abstract
Purpose. The article identified and analyzed the linguistic features of medical texts of the XIX century based on lexico-semantic analysis of terminology, the results of the study making it possible to set forth provisions on the status of the scientific style of the Russian literary language of the XIX century. The material of the article was scientific medical texts of the XIX century preserved in the library of the Tver State Medical University. The appeal to the diachronic aspect is justified by the fact that the medical terminology of this historical period is the least studied in comparison with modern medical terminology. Results. A comparison of the linguistic features of the scientific style of the two historical sections (modern and XIX century) revealed a number of historical changes that have occurred, which are described in the article. The changes in the function, form, and degree of use of the Latin language in the Russian scientific medical text are shown and analyzed. Data on the presence of stylistic synonyms, diminutive forms of nouns, and expanded metaphorical names in medical terminology of the XIX century are presented. This indicates that the process of forming the scientific style of the language is incomplete. The personal character of the presentation of scientific material in texts of the XIX century, manifested by the use of introductory constructions using 1st person singular personal pronouns to be replaced in the future by the abstract-generalized manner of presentation of the modern scientific text. Strict selection of language means and the tendency to normalized speech, which were not always observed in texts of the XIX century, have become mandatory in modern scientific texts, including medical ones. Practical implications. This language study provides additional information about the period of MT development in Russia in the XIX century.
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