Risk factors for acute coronary events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the role of disease activity, line of treatment, and carotid atherosclerosis in the risk for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Patients and methods In this prospective study, we ascertained ACS on 124 patients with RA. Disease activity score 28 was used for the assessment of RA activity. Insulin resistance was evaluated using homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance. Carotid atherosclerosis was measured using high-resolution ultrasound. We used Cox’s proportional hazards models to estimate the association between ACS and atherosclerosis, cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, and RA line of treatment. Results Among the 124 RA patients without a history of previous ACS, 16 incident ACS events occurred over 30 months. Old age, long RA disease duration, high BMI, and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk were associated with an increased risk for ACS. High mean disease activity score 28, rheumatoid factor, and anticitrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) levels were significantly associated with ACS risk. Treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) did not alter the ACS risk. Logistic regression analysis showed that carotid plaques were a good predictor for ACS in RA patients. Conclusion The main finding of this study was a general tendency toward an association of disease activity, rheumatoid factor, and ACPA with the risk for ACS. In addition, subclinical atherosclerosis detected by means of carotid intima-media thickness and the presence of carotid plaques were good predictors for RA patients with ACS. Treatment with any DMARD or biologic DMARDs was not linked to an altered risk for ACS.

Keywords

• acute coronary syndrome
• atherosclerosis
• rheumatoid arthritis