An Integrated Methodological Approach for Interpreting Used Oil Analysis in Diesel Engines

Abstract

This study develops an integrated methodological approach for interpreting used oil analysis results in diesel engines, focusing on optimizing maintenance strategies. The methodology combines a literature review with a quantitative assessment of 156 lubricant analysis reports from a fleet of diesel waste collection trucks operating in Cuenca, Ecuador, a high-altitude city. The framework includes critical limits for key lubricant parameters, correlation analysis, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify dominant degradation mechanisms. The Binary Segmentation (BS) algorithm is also used for Change-Point Detection. The findings indicate four primary degradation pathways: thermal–chemical degradation influenced by sulfur, oxidation, and soot; metallic wear and base depletion, involving iron, chromium, and copper; external contamination linked to silica and copper; and viscosity alteration due to lubricant aging. Significant degradation shifts were identified at approximately 346 and 444 service hours, suggesting critical points for condition-based maintenance interventions. This study highlights the effectiveness of multivariate statistical tools in enhancing the interpretation of used oil analysis and optimizing predictive maintenance strategies. The integration of Change-Point Detection and multivariate analysis provides a robust framework for defining oil change intervals based on lubricant condition rather than fixed time- or mileage-based criteria. This approach offers practical benefits for fleet operations, enabling the reduction in operational costs, enhancing engine reliability, and minimizing the environmental impact of unnecessary lubricant changes.

Keywords

• used oil analysis
• diesel engines
• lubricant degradation
• predictive maintenance
• condition monitoring
• multivariate analysis