Variant-specific antibody response following repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection
Xiao-Lin Jiang,
Xue-Dong Song,
Chao Shi,
Guo-Jian Yang,
Xue-Jun Wang,
Yu-Wei Zhang,
Jie Wu,
Lian-Xiang Zhao,
Ming-Zhu Zhang,
Ming-Ming Wang,
Rui-Rui Chen,
Xue-Juan He,
Er-Hei Dai,
Hui-Xia Gao,
Yuan Shen,
Gang Dong,
Yu-Ling Wang,
Mai-Juan Ma
Affiliations
Xiao-Lin Jiang
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
Xue-Dong Song
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Handan 056001, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
Chao Shi
Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
Guo-Jian Yang
Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety in Universities of Shandong, Jinan 250012, China
Xue-Jun Wang
Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100850, China
Yu-Wei Zhang
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
Jie Wu
Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Binzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binzhou 256613, China
Lian-Xiang Zhao
School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
Ming-Zhu Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
Ming-Ming Wang
Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100850, China
Rui-Rui Chen
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Xue-Juan He
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Er-Hei Dai
Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
Hui-Xia Gao
Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
Yuan Shen
Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China; Corresponding author
Gang Dong
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; Corresponding author
Yu-Ling Wang
Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; Corresponding author
Mai-Juan Ma
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety in Universities of Shandong, Jinan 250012, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Corresponding author
Summary: The ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants poses challenges to the immunity induced by infections and vaccination. We conduct a 6-month longitudinal evaluation of antibody binding and neutralization of sera from individuals with six different combinations of vaccination and infection against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86. We find that most individuals produce spike-binding IgG or neutralizing antibodies against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 2 months after infection or vaccination. However, compared to ancestral strain and BA.5 variant, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 exhibit comparable but significant immune evasion. The spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibody titers decrease in individuals without additional antigen exposure, and <50% of individuals neutralize XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 during the 6-month follow-up. Approximately 57% of the 107 followed up individuals experienced an additional infection, leading to improved binding IgG and neutralizing antibody levels against these variants. These findings provide insights into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on immunity following repeated exposure.
