書與烏托邦 The Book and Utopia

Abstract

各種烏托邦及小說反烏托邦小說中,都能搜尋到書的影子。總的來看,烏托邦中,書的命運多舛,經受焚毀、刪改、廢棄、偽造、定制、工具化等等諸般歷煉,遭到「不許讀」、「不需讀」,乃至「不能讀」的待遇。在集權與個體的對抗,絕對理性主義與感性對抗,技術主義(非人)與自然主義(人性)的對抗中,書,作為自由精神的體現、歷史的見證、真理的代言、情感的催化劑,成為了被禁對象。耐人尋味的是,這些揭示了書的命運的烏托邦小說,多遭受過被列為禁書的命運。在人類歷史長河中,書的禁與放,毀與藏,不僅與時代的發展脈絡息息相關,且體現了人們在不斷地嘗試調節書所具有的雙刃性之間的張力,而反對審查制度,追求知識自由,永遠是其中的主旋律。Book is always appeared in various Utopian or dystopian fictions. Generally speaking, in Utopia, the book’s destiny is burning, mutilation, abandonment, forgery, customization, instrumentalization, and so on. Under the description, book encounters treatments as “cannot read”, “need not read”, and even “cannot read”. In the conflict between centralization and individual, absolute rational- ism and emotionalism, technical principle (inhuman) and naturalism (human nature), book, as the manifestation of the spirit of freedom, historical witness, truth endorsement, and emotional catalyst, has become a prohibited object. Satirically, many utopian and dystopian books which reveal the fate of book in utopia suffered the fate of being listed as banned books. In the long river of human history, the book’s ban and release, destroyed and hidden, is not only closely linked with the development of thought, but also show that people are constantly trying to adjust the tension of the double-edged nature in book. And opposed to censorship, the pursuit of intellectual freedom is always one of the main theme.

Keywords

• Banned book
• Utopia
• Dystopia
• Intellectual freedom