Canthaxanthin Biofabrication, Loading in Green Phospholipid Vesicles and Evaluation of In Vitro Protection of Cells and Promotion of Their Monolayer Regeneration
Ines Castangia,
Maria Letizia Manca,
Seyed Hadi Razavi,
Amparo Nácher,
Octavio Díez-Sales,
José Esteban Peris,
Mohamad Allaw,
Maria Carmen Terencio,
Iris Usach,
Maria Manconi
Affiliations
Ines Castangia
Department Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
Maria Letizia Manca
Department Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
Seyed Hadi Razavi
Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (BPEL), Department of Food Science, Engineering & Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
Amparo Nácher
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
Octavio Díez-Sales
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
José Esteban Peris
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
Mohamad Allaw
Department Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
Maria Carmen Terencio
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
Iris Usach
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
Maria Manconi
Department Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
In the present study, canthaxanthin was produced by biofermentation from Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1 (D. natronolimnaea) and was loaded in phospholipid vesicles prepared with natural component using an easy and low dissipative method. Indeed, glycerosomes, hyalurosomes, and glycerohyalurosomes were prepared by direct hydration of both phosphatidylcholine and the biotechnological canthaxanthin, avoiding the use of organic solvents. Vesicles were sized from 63 nm to 87 nm and highly negatively charged. They entrapped a high number of the biomolecules and were stable on storage. Canthaxanthin-loaded vesicles incubated with fibroblasts did not affect their viability, proving to be highly biocompatible and capable of inhibiting the death of fibroblasts stressed with hydrogen peroxide. They reduced the nitric oxide expression in macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharides. Moreover, they favoured the cell migration in an in vitro lesion model. Results confirmed the health-promoting potential of canthaxanthin in skin cells, which is potentiated by its suitable loading in phospholipid vesicles, thus suggesting the possible use of these natural bioformulations in both skin protection and regeneration, thanks to the potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiageing effects of canthaxanthin.
