Chemical and Morphological Transition of Poly(acrylonitrile)/Poly(vinylidene Fluoride) Blend Nanofibers during Oxidative Stabilization and Incipient Carbonization
Martin Wortmann,
Natalie Frese,
Al Mamun,
Marah Trabelsi,
Waldemar Keil,
Björn Büker,
Ali Javed,
Michael Tiemann,
Elmar Moritzer,
Andrea Ehrmann,
Andreas Hütten,
Claudia Schmidt,
Armin Gölzhäuser,
Bruno Hüsgen,
Lilia Sabantina
Affiliations
Martin Wortmann
Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
Natalie Frese
Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
Al Mamun
Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
Marah Trabelsi
Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
Waldemar Keil
Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
Björn Büker
Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
Ali Javed
Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
Michael Tiemann
Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
Elmar Moritzer
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
Andrea Ehrmann
Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
Andreas Hütten
Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
Claudia Schmidt
Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
Armin Gölzhäuser
Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
Bruno Hüsgen
Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
Lilia Sabantina
Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
Thermally stabilized and subsequently carbonized nanofibers are a promising material for many technical applications in fields such as tissue engineering or energy storage. They can be obtained from a variety of different polymer precursors via electrospinning. While some methods have been tested for post-carbonization doping of nanofibers with the desired ingredients, very little is known about carbonization of blend nanofibers from two or more polymeric precursors. In this paper, we report on the preparation, thermal treatment and resulting properties of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blend nanofibers produced by wire-based electrospinning of binary polymer solutions. Using a wide variety of spectroscopic, microscopic and thermal characterization methods, the chemical and morphological transition during oxidative stabilization (280 °C) and incipient carbonization (500 °C) was thoroughly investigated. Both PAN and PVDF precursor polymers were detected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively during all stages of thermal treatment. Compared to pure PAN nanofibers, the blend nanofibers showed increased fiber diameters, strong reduction of undesired morphological changes during oxidative stabilization and increased conductivity after carbonization.
