Early Onset Dystonia: Complaints about Executive Functioning, Depression and Anxiety

Abstract

Early Onset Dystonia (EOD) is thought to result from basal ganglia dysfunction, structures also involved in non-motor functions, like regulation of behavior, mood and anxiety. Problems in these domains have been found in proxy-reports but not yet in self-reports of EOD patients. The main questions are whether proxy-reports differ from those of patients and how problems relate to everyday social functioning. Subjective complaints about executive problems (BRIEF) and symptoms of depression and anxiety (CBCL) were obtained through a cross-sectional questionnaire study conducted on 45 EOD patients. Scores were in the normal range in patients and proxies. Proxy-rated behavior regulation was correlated with the estimated number of friends and quality of relations. Proxy-reported scores of depression correlated with the quality of relations and were higher than self-reports of adolescent/young adult patients. EOD patients and proxies do not seem to experience problematic regulation of behavior, mood and anxiety. Still, our study revealed two important aspects: (1) all measures were related to the estimated quality of relations with others, relating questionnaires to everyday social functioning; (2) proxies reported more symptoms of depression than patients. This may indicate overestimation by proxies or higher sensitivity of proxies to these symptoms, implying underestimation of problems by patients.

Keywords

• early onset dystonia
• behavior regulation
• anxiety
• depression
• social functioning