Evaluation of diesel engine performance and emissions using biodiesel from waste oils synthesized with Fe3O4-SiO2 heterogeneous nano catalyst
Suleiman Ibrahim Shelash Mohammad,
Asokan Vasudevan,
K.D.V. Prasad,
Inas Ridha Ali,
Abhinav Kumar,
Ankur Kulshreshta,
Vikasdeep Singh Mann,
I.B. Sapaev,
Teku Kalyani,
Mohammad Sina
Affiliations
Suleiman Ibrahim Shelash Mohammad
Electronic Marketing and Social Media, Economic and Administrative Sciences Zarqa University, Jordan; INTI International University, 71800 Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Asokan Vasudevan
Faculty of Business and Communications, INTI International University, 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
K.D.V. Prasad
Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
Inas Ridha Ali
Optics Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001, Hillah, Iraq
Abhinav Kumar
Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021 India
Ankur Kulshreshta
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560069, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan-303012, India
Vikasdeep Singh Mann
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh College of Engineering, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India
I.B. Sapaev
Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers National Research University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences, Str. Gavhar 1, Tashkent, 100149, Uzbekistan; Western Caspian University, Scientific researcher, Baku, Azerbaijan
Teku Kalyani
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 531162, India
Mohammad Sina
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Omidiyeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Omidiyeh, Iran; Corresponding author.
Purpose: Biodiesel is a non-toxic, renewable, and environmentally friendly fuel used in compression ignition engines. This work aimed to develop Fe3O4/SiO2 as a cheap, magnetic, and easy separable catalyst for biodiesel production from waste oil by sono-catalytic transesterification. Methods: Fe₃O₄-SiO₂ was prepared using a modified Stober method and used as a heterogeneous catalyst in an ultrasound-assisted transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel. The tests were designed by the Response surface methodology by considering the molar ratio of methanol to oil (M/O), catalyst weight percentage, and sonication time as independent factors. The produced biodiesel in diesel generator engines and the emission of pollutants were evaluated. Results: The optimal production conditions were determined using the response surface methodology, which included a molar ratio of 8.30, a catalyst weight percentage of 5.30, and a sonication time of 30.02 min. The Pareto analysis indicated that the sonication time is the most important factor in the sono-catalytic transesterification of waste oil. The evaluation of the produced fuel showed that with an increase in the percentage of biodiesel in the engine's fuel input, CO emissions decreased by 0.027 % and smoke levels by 24 %, while NOx levels increased by 495 ppm. Additionally, the increase in biodiesel percentage led to a rise in brake-specific power by 44.6 kW and brake-specific fuel consumption by 89 g/kWh though brake torque decreased by 87 Nm. Conclusion: The study introduces significant advancements in biodiesel production technology through combining heterogeneous catalysis and ultrasound processing, optimizing production parameters for efficiency and sustainability while demonstrating improved environmental performance in diesel engines.
