Training Type and Moment of Elaboration of Post-Contact Descriptions in a Matching-to-Sample Task

Abstract

The effects of different types of training over a) performance on learning and transfer tasks, and b) generation of post-contact descriptions in a second order matching-to-sample task were assessed. 16 participants were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups. During the training phase, the requirement for participants in groups 1 and 3 consisted of the observation of a conditional discrimination task in which matching responses were highlighted with a red frame and indicated, for each trial, whether they were right or wrong (observational training). During this same phase, the task for participants in groups 2 and 4 was to produce, trial by trial, an explicit matching response (instrumental training). Additionally, participants in groups 3 and 4 were required to write a description of the contingencies every twelve trials. After the task, all participants were requested to develop a similar description. Participants of groups that were under observational training had the highest percentage of correct answers on learning and transfer tests. Similarly, they produced more specific rules than individuals from other groups. These results suggest that learning by observation can occur even if the viewer is not directly exposed to responses of another individual, that is, even when reinforced responses are simply presented graphically.

Keywords

• Entrenamiento observacional, entrenamiento instrumental, descripciones poscontacto, reglas, igualación de la muestra de segundo orden