Epidemiology of mite and associated with them food allergies among children population of Rivne region

Abstract

Background. Epidemiological instability in the world and country, particularly in Rivne region, is crucial when studying the risk of combined mite and food allergies in children, due to constant changes in environmental factors and increased trigger load, one of the most powerful factors of which are allergens of house dust mites. Consequently, epidemiological monitoring of the features of mite and food allergies mutual influence on immunological mechanisms among children of Rivne region and the environmental factors contamination with house dust mites is urgent. Materials and methods. For the period of 2007–2017, 410 food allergy foci in different age groups were inspected outpatiently and sanitary-parasitologically with the study of acarifauna in them. Results. In samples of house dust from the foci of food and mites allergies, representatives of 8 species of 4 families of allergenic mites were identified; of them, the pathogenic effects of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Acarus siro and Glycyphagus domesticus on sensitization of the children population were determined parasitologically and immunologically. 91 % of children aged 0–3 years have been diagnosed only with food immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy, the effect of house dust mites on allergic processes has not been proved. With increasing age of sensitized children, the growth of laboratory-identified IgE-dependent food allergies was observed — from 68 % in the age group of 3–6 years to 88 % in adolescents aged 10–14 years, mostly of polyvalent type. Similarly, from 32 % of children aged 3–6 years to 54 % of patients aged 10–14 years, the role of house dust mites in the formation and maintenance of generalized forms of atopic reactions to mites allergy indications was established and confirmed. Conclusions. The epidemiological situation in children population of Rivne region in terms of food and mite allergies is defined as unstable; a situational analysis of immunological status in children aged 0–14 years regarding mite and food allergies was conducted, and the role of the environmental contamination with house dust mites as factors of a high allergic background has been observed.

Keywords

• epidemiological monitoring
• mite allergy
• food allergy
• sensitization
• house dust mite
• environment of human life